Abstract
In this study, a novel biomaterial, i.e., brushite containing 0.67 wt% of selenium (Se-Bru) was synthesized via a wet precipitation method. Pure, unsubstituted brushite (Bru) was synthesized via the same method and used as a reference material. Different techniques of instrumental analysis were applied to investigate and compare physicochemical properties of both materials. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy confirmed the chemical identity of both materials. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology and indicated that both samples (Bru and Se-Bru) consisted of plate-like microcrystals. Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) showed that Bru, as well as Se-Bru were crystallographically homogenous. What is more, the data obtained from PXRD studies revealed that the substitution of selenite ions into the crystal structure of the material had clearly affected its lattice parameters. The incorporation of selenium was also confirmed by solid-state 1H→31P CP MAS kinetics experiments. Additionally, studies on the release kinetics of the elements forming Se-Bru and preliminary cytotoxicity tests were conducted. This preliminary research will favor a better understanding of ionic substitution in calcium phosphates and may be a starting point for the development of selenium-doped brushite cements for potential use in bone tissue impairments treatment.
Highlights
Calcium phosphates (CaP) are widely applied biomaterials in bone tissue and dental surgery
Brushite crystals were modified with selenite ions
The physicochemical methods confirmed the introduction of Se into the dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) crystal structure
Summary
Calcium phosphates (CaP) are widely applied biomaterials in bone tissue and dental surgery. Studies of the obtained parameters (see Table 2) have shown that in the Bru sample, the proton spin-diffusion process and cross-polarization are slower than in the Se-Bru sample This has provided another argument for the changes in the core of the crystal during the substitution of selenite ions. The investigations of the release kinetics of the ions forming the structure of Se-Bru revealed that the release rate of selenium was significantly higher than the release rate of both calcium and phosphate (see Figure 5). Approximately 43% of the element introduced into the structure of the material was eluted after four weeks of incubation, while for Ca and P the level of 10% of the introduced element was not exceeded Such a suggestive difference may indicate that the selenite ions might be extensively adsorbed on the surface of brushite crystals. The route of the synthesis of pure brushite (Bru) was hardly any different: the reagents lacked in selenium source and were weighed out so that the Ca/P ratio was about 1.0
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