Abstract
Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is selenium (Se)-containing protein in plasma, which is primarily produced in the liver. The “P” in SELENOP originated from the presence in plasma. SELENOP contains selenocysteine, a cysteine analog containing Se instead of sulfur. SELENOP is a multi-functional protein to reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides and to deliver Se from the liver to other tissues, such as those of the brain and testis, playing a pivotal role in Se metabolism and antioxidative defense. Decrease in SELENOP causes various dysfunctions related to Se deficiency and oxidative stress, while excessive SELENOP causes insulin resistance. This review focuses on the Se transport system of SELENOP, particularly its molecular mechanism and physiological role in Se metabolism. Furthermore, the chemical form of Se and its biological meaning is discussed.
Highlights
Selenoprotein P was first described in 1973, and its character was reported as the major selenium (Se)-containing protein in plasma [1, 2]
This review focuses on the Se transport system via Selenoprotein P (SELENOP), its molecular mechanism and physiological role in Se metabolism
Details are not fully elucidated, but the role of apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) as a mediator of signal transduction has been known, which is realized by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) where the increased expression of SELENOP in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) forms lesions [52]
Summary
Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. Specialty section: This article was submitted to Nutrition and Metabolism, a section of the journal Frontiers in Nutrition. Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is selenium (Se)-containing protein in plasma, which is primarily produced in the liver. The “P” in SELENOP originated from the presence in plasma. SELENOP is a multi-functional protein to reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides and to deliver Se from the liver to other tissues, such as those of the brain and testis, playing a pivotal role in Se metabolism and antioxidative defense. Decrease in SELENOP causes various dysfunctions related to Se deficiency and oxidative stress, while excessive SELENOP causes insulin resistance. This review focuses on the Se transport system of SELENOP, its molecular mechanism and physiological role in Se metabolism.
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