Abstract
Balanced aquafeed is the key factor for enhancing the productivity of aquatic animals. In this context, aquatic animals require optimal amounts of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. The original plant and animals’ ingredients in the basal diets are insufficient to provide aquafeed with suitable amounts of minerals. Concurrently, elements should be incorporated in aquafeed in optimal doses, which differ based on the basal diets’ species, age, size, and composition. Selenium is one of the essential trace elements involved in various metabolic, biological, and physiological functions. Se acts as a precursor for antioxidative enzyme synthesis leading to high total antioxidative capacity. Further, Se can enhance the immune response and the tolerance of aquatic animals to infectious diseases. Several metabolic mechanisms, such as thyroid hormone production, cytokine formation, fecundity, and DNA synthesis, require sufficient Se addition. The recent progress in the nanotechnology industry is also applied in the production of Se nanoparticles. Indeed, Se nanoparticles are elaborated as more soluble and bioavailable than the organic and non-organic forms. In aquaculture, multiple investigations have elaborated the role of Se nanoparticles on the performances and wellbeing of aquatic animals. In this review, the outputs of recent studies associated with the role of Se nanoparticles on aquatic animals’ performances were simplified and presented for more research and development.
Highlights
Nanotechnology is a growing technology with high potential for application in the aquaculture industry [1]
It is evident that Se nanoparticles can enhance the antioxidative capacity of aquatic animals through the activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, GST, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes
Se nanoparticles are illustrated to reduce the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) as a stress-related marker in Nile tilapia [52], European Seabass [56,57], and P. hypophthalmus [60]
Summary
Nanotechnology is a growing technology with high potential for application in the aquaculture industry [1]. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1364 aquafeed due to their high solubility, active surface, and functionality [2]. Se nanoparticles are well investigated with high potential as a growth promotor, antioxidative, and immunostimulant agent in aquaculture [11,12]. Multiple studies reported the necessity of including Se nanoparticles for enhancing the growth performance, physiological, and health status in aquatic animals [5,13,14]. Microelements are required at adequate levels and forms to contribute to several metabolic, physiological, and biological functions in the entire body of the organisms [18,19]. Organic and inorganic Se sources are less water soluble, permeable, and bioavailable for metabolic and physiological functions [1]. Se nanoforms have a wide surface area that is possibly responsible for their functionality and permeability [11]
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