Selenium-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals–Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties and Biological Significance

Lukasz Pajchel,Kamil Pajor,Barbara Kolodziejska,Joanna Kolmas

doi:10.3390/cryst8050188

Abstract

Hydroxyapatites (HAs), as materials with a similar structure to bone minerals, play a key role in biomaterials engineering. They have been applied as bone substitute materials and as coatings for metallic implants, which facilitates their osseointegration. One of the beneficial characteristics of HA, when used to create biocompatible materials with improved physicochemical or biological properties, is its capacity for ionic substitution. The aim of the study was to present the current state of knowledge about HAs containing selenate ions IV or VI. The enrichment of HAs with selenium aims to create a material with advantageous effects on bone tissue metabolism, as well as having anticancer and antibacterial activity. The work is devoted to both methods of obtaining Se-HA and an evaluation of its chemical structure and physicochemical properties. In addition, the biological activity of such materials in vitro and in vivo is discussed.

Highlights

Calcium hydroxyapatite (HA), with the general formula Ca10 (PO4 )6 (OH)2, belongs to the group of crystalline calcium phosphates [1]
Hydroxyapatite that contains selenium ions is a material with high application potential
The studies presented in this review have demonstrated that it is possible to introduce both IV

Summary

Introduction

Calcium hydroxyapatite (HA), with the general formula Ca10 (PO4 ) (OH) , belongs to the group of crystalline calcium phosphates [1]. It turned out that biological apatite is characterized by a more complex composition; synthetic HA has been used as a bone replacement in orthopaedics, implantology, regenerative medicine, and dental surgery [2]. Hydroxyapatite is characterized by its high biocompatibility with bone tissue and its complete non-toxicity. It has osteoconductive properties, stimulating bone tissue to grow. One of the beneficial features of HA-based materials is their porosity, which depends, inter alia, on the method of synthesis and preparation. This feature is used in the development of bone drug delivery systems [4]. Our aim was to present the current state of knowledge on selenium’s effect on the structure of HA and on its biological properties

Hydroxyapatite–Structure and Function

The Role of Selenium in Human Organisms

Synthesis of Hydroxyapatites Doped with Selenite and Selenate Ions

Examinations Using the Raman Spectroscopy Method

Biological Examinations of Hydroxyapatite Materials Doped with Selenium

Antibacterial Activity

In Vitro Studies

In Vivo Studies

Findings

Conclusions and Future Perspectives