Abstract
Continuous exposure to sodium fluoride (NaF) imbalances the oxidative status in the body. The current study investigated the effect of the selenium/chitosan-folic (Se/chitosan-folic acid) novel metal complex on oxidative injury and tissue damage in the hepatic tissues of male rats exposed to (NaF). Male rats received NaF (10.3 mg/kg) and Se/chitosan-folic acid (0.5 mg/Kg) orally for successive 30 days. Male rats exposed to NaF showed multi-histopathological alterations in the hepatic tissues including degenerative changes. NaF exposure elevated hepatic oxidative stress markers, lipid peroxidation, and lowered the antioxidant defense enzymes. Se/chitosan-folic acid novel complex supplementation significantly prevented hepatic injury, suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation, and enhanced the antioxidant defense enzymes. In addition, Se/chitosan-folic acid supplementation improved the hepatic tissues of NaF-exposed male rats. In conclusion, the Se/chitosan-folic acid novel metal complex protects against NaF-induced oxidative injury and tissue injury in the hepatic tissues of male rats. The Se/chitosan-folic acid novel metal complex upregulated the hepatic tissues and enhanced the antioxidant defense enzymes in male rats.
Highlights
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is the most widely used chemical compound in fluorinated drinking water, toothpastes, and mouthwashes [1]
Se/chitosan-folic acid has a high stability at room temperature, a low solubility in most solvents, and a high solubility in Di-methylformamide DMF and DMSO with gentle heating
The electrolytic measurement of the Se(IV) complex showed a ratio of 1:1:1
Summary
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is the most widely used chemical compound in fluorinated drinking water, toothpastes, and mouthwashes [1]. It was reported that about 21 countries have severe problems with endemic fluorosis, as the main pathway of fluoride exposure is contaminated groundwater. Sodium fluoride is widely distributed in the environment and extensively used. NaF is naturally present in many water sources as NaF is released from the runoff of F-containing rocks, leading NaF to leach into the groundwater [2]. In large areas, drinking water is artificially fluoridated, so water consumption is considered as the largest contributor to daily NaF intake. NaF is involved in many insecticide formulations, foodstuffs, drugs, and industrial vapors emitted by using fluoride-containing compounds [3]. Fluorosis is a progressive and slow process causing metabolic and structural damages affecting many body tissues, hepatic tissues [2]
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