Selenium and lipid subfractions in Egyptian type 2 diabetes patients

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between serum selenium (Se) levels and lipid subfraction among Egyptian type 2 diabetes patients and their association with the severity of the disease. The study was conducted on 60 type 2 diabetic adults with BMI <30 divided according to disease duration into two groups: group 1 with disease duration less than 5 years and group 2 with a disease duration more than 5 years. Thirty age- and sex-matched apparently healthy volunteers were considered as the control group. Serum selenium was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry lipid subfractions including small dense low density lipoprotein (sd LDL) which was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by high-performance liquid chromatography. All participants do not receive Se supplementation. The mean serum Se level in participants with diabetes was as follows: group 2 = 62.70 ± 5.73, group 1 = 70.58 ± 4.158, and control subjects = 79.80 ± 5.37 μg/l (p = 0.00). Se was found to be an independent protective factor with an OR of 0.29 and 95 % CI of 0.06–1.3. Mean serum sd LDL in participants with diabetes was as follows: group 2 = 43.81 ± 13.70, group 1 = 25.77 ± 5.28, and control group = 15.99 ± 5.32 (p = 0.00). Correlation study, between studied parameters, revealed positive correlation between sd LDL and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) (r = 0.730, p = 0.001). On the other hand, negative correlation was encountered between apolipoprotein A (Apo A) and Apo B (r = −0.514, p = 0.001) as well as Apo A and sd LDL (r = −0.697, p = 0.001). Selenium correlated negatively with both Apo B (r = −0.669, p = 0.001) and sd LDL (r = −0.671, p = 0.001) and positively with Apo A (r = 0.513, p = 0.001). In a sample of the Egyptian population, low serum Se levels were positively associated with the prevalence of diabetes. Until findings from prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are available, Se intake, including Se supplementation, should be recommended for primary or secondary diabetes prevention in populations with inadequate selenium status.