Abstract
The small number of herbicides registered for sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) restricts its cultivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied alone or in tank mixtures to sweet sorghum in post-emergence. Two experiments were conducted in greenhouse, the first with herbicides applied alone and the second with herbicide mixtures. Based on the results of greenhouse experiments, treatments were selected to evaluate selectivity in the field. In the field experiment, the herbicides applied alone and herbicide mixtures did not differentiate from the control without herbicide application regarding to phytotoxicity, fresh mass of the aerial part, percentage of dry mass of the aerial part and Brix of sweet sorghum at 28 days after application. The treatments considered selective were: atrazine (1000 to 2000), bentazon (360 to 720), S-metolachlor (576 to 864), mesotrione (48 to 150), carfentrazone (4 to 8), 2,4-D amine (335 to 670), besides mixtures with [atrazine + S-metolachlor] [601 + 471.2] and [901.5+ 706.8], atrazine + 2,4-D amine (1000 to 2000 + 100.5 to 268), atrazine + tembotrione (1000 + 42 to 63) and atrazine + mesotrione (1000 + 48 to 72) (doses in g a.i. ha -1 ).
Highlights
Resumo - O reduzido número de herbicidas registrados para a cultura do sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) limita seu cultivo
It was observed that all doses of the herbicides atrazine, bentazon, carfentrazone, 2.4D amine, and treatments with S-metolachlor (864 and 576 g a.i. ha-1), [atrazine + S-metolachlor] ([901.5+706.8] and [601+471.2] g a.i. ha-1) and mesotrione (150 and 96 g a.i. ha-1) showed maximum levels of phytotoxicity of up to 25% (Table 1)
In a study evaluating the selectivity of herbicides applied in post-emergence of grain sorghum, no phytotoxicity was observed after the application of atrazine (2200 g a.i. ha-1), bentazon (720 g a.i. ha-1), bentazon + atrazine (480 + 880 g a.i. ha-1) and bentazon + pendimethalin (720 + 1000 g a.i. ha-1) (Machado et al, 2016)
Summary
Resumo - O reduzido número de herbicidas registrados para a cultura do sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) limita seu cultivo. The crop has a short developmental cycle, tolerance to drought periods, high biomass production and high sugar content in the stalks (Teixeira et al, 1999) It represents an excellent alternative for bioenergy production as it presents desirable agronomic characteristics for the sugar and alcohol industries, as it allows its use in the sugarcane off-season and its implantation and harvesting is fully mechanized (Albuquerque et al, 2012; Solano et al, 2017). The crop is an interesting renewable source alternative for biomass and ethanol production, the scarcity of publications and recommendations on the use of herbicides in post-emergence can lead to incorrect use in agricultural areas, and compromise the productivity and quality of the sweet sorghum. The objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied alone and in tank mixtures in post-emergence of sweet sorghum crop
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