Abstract
Memory is not uniformly stored in the brain. There are various types of memories and only some are retained over time. Much is forgotten, and of those memories retained, their representations are transferred into long-term stores, a process called consolidation, which occurs predominantly during sleep. Sorting out how sleep contributes to memory has not been straightforward, but nonetheless, emerging data suggest that sleep plays a causal role in how our memories are formed and ultimately stored. One of the intriguing aspects of sleep-dependent memory consolidation is its selectivity. Memories of future relevance are tagged during encoding and prioritized for consolidation during subsequent sleep, leading to the discriminatory selection for memories that are emotional, show difficultly during learning, have high retrieval expectancy, or are associated with rewards. Several brain regions, electrophysiological oscillations and neurotransmitters are at the heart of this process, guiding each organism through its unique life.
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