Selective synthesis of indazoles and indoles via triazene–alkyne cyclization switched by different metals

Abstract

We described two orthogonal heterocycle syntheses, where an arene bearing both an alkyne and a triazene functionality underwent two distinct cyclization pathways mediated by different transition metals. Starting from the same substrates, a synthesis of 2H-indazole was accomplished by a Cu(II) salt promoted oxidative cyclization, while 2-substituted indoles could be accessed via a Ag(I) salt mediated N-N bond cleavage. This method represents the first synthesis of indoles from alkynyl triazenes. Computational analysis was performed for both reaction pathways, supporting a Lewis acid role for Cu and a π-acid catalysis for Ag.