Selective spectral modulation of strongly coupled spins with an echo top refocusing pulse in PRESS sequences

Abstract

The double spin echo is the basis of the point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence. In this study we sought to investigate the effects of a broadband 180° pulse – incorporated in the PRESS sequence at the location of the first echo (gPRESS) – on the citrate resonances, chosen as a model of strongly coupled spin system. A significant signal modulation generated by the additional 180° pulse was predicted with simulations and observed experimentally in the citrate resonances. No effects were observed on the singlet resonance of glycine and the weakly coupled resonances of lactate. The phenomenon observed in gPRESS was attributed to the off-diagonal Hamiltonian elements responsible for a coherence transfer occurring throughout the evolution periods. The results of this study show that it is necessary to assess the effects of broadband 180° pulses on strongly coupled spin systems, since these pulses can selectively modify the spectral shape of strongly coupled resonances.