Abstract
An electron-rich fused indoloindole-based poly(indoloindole-selenophene vinylene selenophene) was synthesized and characterized. Soxhlet can be obtained by continuously purifying the product with a specific solvent and obtaining a pure polymer with a high concentration. Molecular weight is affected by the vapor pressure of marginal solvent, and the polymer was fractionated using tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, and chlorobenzene. Solubility is closely related to the morphology of bulk heterojunction and device parameters. In the solution process of fabricating the organic solar cell, securement of solubility has a great effect on the performance of the device, because morphology and orientation of a photo-active layer which significantly affect charge transport in the device. Since tetrahydrofuran (THF) Soxhlet solvents have high vapor pressure and appropriate solubility parameters, THF induced the best solubility of P-IDI-SVS materials for organic solvents. And through additive optimization, the performance of the device based on P-IDI-SVS from THF-Soxhlet extraction was enhanced. This is expected to be a meaningful study because the effect on solubility of Soxhlet solvent suggests factors to be considered in the solution process in organic solar cell research. In addition, surface modified bulk heterojunction was observed using atomic force microscopy, photoluminescence, time-correlated single photon counting and Raman spectroscopy analysis.
Highlights
Organic solar cells (OSCs) can be utilized in various devices based on their light and flexible characteristics [1], and they allow for the fabrication of large devices with low temperature and solution processes [2, 3]
In the Soxhlet extraction process, the extraction rate depends on the solvent evaporation rate associated with the difference in the vapor pressure of the solvent
The molecular weight according to the Soxhlet solvent differs greatly depending on the vapor pressure of the marginal solvent [9]
Summary
Organic solar cells (OSCs) can be utilized in various devices based on their light and flexible characteristics [1], and they allow for the fabrication of large devices with low temperature and solution processes [2, 3]. The Soxhlet extraction method with various solvents can control polymer molecular weight by utilizing the solubility differences between the polymer and impurities for each solvent due to enrichment in a limited solubility. The final synthesized polymer is placed in the thimble holder, slowly condensed and filled with fresh extraction solvent, and when the solution reaches the overflow level, the solution returns to the distillation flask below. It is repeated until extraction is completed and pure solid polymer without impurities is derived [10]. We fabricated efficient BHJ solar cells based on the newly designed P-IDI-SVS donor polymer through solvent engineering. To demonstrate the solvent engineering effects, atomic force microscope (AFM), photoluminescence (PL), and time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) measurements were conducted depending on the different Soxhlet solvent and type of additive
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