Selective separation of dye/salt mixture using diatomite-based sandwich-like membrane

Abstract

A novel nanofiltration membrane was developed by entrapping a layer of modified diatomaceous earth between two layers of electrospun polysulfone (E-PSf) nanofibers. The diatomaceous earth particles and the fabricated membrane were characterized using FTIR, SEM, EDS, zeta potential, and water contact angle techniques. The static adsorption and dynamic separation of pristine E-PSF and sandwich-like membranes for methylene blue (MB) with/without salt were investigated under different operating conditions. The Langmuir model suited the MB adsorption isotherm data with a linear regression correlation coefficient (R2) >0.9955. As pH increased, both flux and MB rejection of the sandwich-like membrane improved by up to 183.8 LMH and 99.7%, respectively, when operated under gravity. The water flux of the sandwich-like membrane was sharply increased by increasing the pressure up to 19,518.2 LMH at 4.0 bar. However, this came at the expense of MB rejection (10.93%) and reduced its practical impact. At a high salt concentration, the sandwich-like membrane also indicated remarkable dye/salt separation with a higher permeation of salt (<0.2% NaCl rejection) and MB rejection (>99%). The performance of the regenerated diatomaceous material and membrane was maintained during five cycles of operation compared to that of the original ones.