Selective salpingography for the diagnosis and treatment of early tubal pregnancy

Abstract

To determine whether selective salpingography can accurately diagnose and treat patients with early ectopic pregnancies (EPs). Prospective clinical case study. Selective salpingography was performed in an outpatient setting under i.v. sedation. Selective salpingography was performed in 10 women who had clinical presentation suggestive of EP, two consecutive abnormal hCG measurements < 2,000 mIU/mL, and inconclusive vaginal probe sonogram. Selective salpingography was performed under fluoroscopy. A cervical cannula was placed, and the tubal ostium was cannulated with a curved selective salpingography catheter (Bard Gynecology and Radiology, Covington, GA). Methotrexate (MTX) (25 or 50 mg) was injected into the affected tube through the selective salpingography catheter. The accuracy of selective salpingography in the diagnosis of early EP was determined by the rate of fluoroscopic imaging of an ampullary radiolucency upon injection of contrast material through the selective salpingography catheter. Resolution of the EP after injection of MTX into the tube was detected by serial declining hCG measurements. Selective injection of contrast material into the fallopian tubes detected seven ampullary pregnancies in 10 patients. Two patients demonstrated neither tubal pregnancy nor intrauterine pregnancy. One patient with apparent bilateral proximal cornual occlusions on selective salpingography underwent laparoscopy, followed by salpingostomy of an ampullary pregnancy. All 7 patients who received MTX through the selective salpingography catheter completely resolved the EP. Four patients demonstrated patent fallopian tubes on hysterosalpingograms performed 3 to 6 months later. Selective salpingography may diagnose early tubal pregnancies of some patients with equivocal clinical, laboratory, and sonographic findings. These patients can be successfully treated at the same time with a single dose of MTX delivered into the affected tube. Selective salpingography reduced the need for laparoscopy and operative intervention. Selective salpingography is a simple and relatively inexpensive diagnostic and therapeutic alternative in patients with suspected early tubal pregnancy.