Selective Regulation of Gαq/11 by an RGS Domain in the G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase, GRK2

Christopher V Carman,Jean-Luc Parent,Peter W Day,Alexey N Pronin,Pamela M Sternweis,Philip B Wedegaertner,Alfred G Gilman,Jeffrey L Benovic,Tohru Kozasa

doi:10.1074/jbc.274.48.34483

Christopher V Carman, Jean-Luc Parent + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.48.34483

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Abstract

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are well characterized regulators of G protein-coupled receptors, whereas regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins directly control the activity of G protein alpha subunits. Interestingly, a recent report (Siderovski, D. P., Hessel, A., Chung, S., Mak, T. W., and Tyers, M. (1996) Curr. Biol. 6, 211-212) identified a region within the N terminus of GRKs that contained homology to RGS domains. Given that RGS domains demonstrate AlF(4)(-)-dependent binding to G protein alpha subunits, we tested the ability of G proteins from a crude bovine brain extract to bind to GRK affinity columns in the absence or presence of AlF(4)(-). This revealed the specific ability of bovine brain Galpha(q/11) to bind to both GRK2 and GRK3 in an AlF(4)(-)-dependent manner. In contrast, Galpha(s), Galpha(i), and Galpha(12/13) did not bind to GRK2 or GRK3 despite their presence in the extract. Additional studies revealed that bovine brain Galpha(q/11) could also bind to an N-terminal construct of GRK2, while no binding of Galpha(q/11), Galpha(s), Galpha(i), or Galpha(12/13) to comparable constructs of GRK5 or GRK6 was observed. Experiments using purified Galpha(q) revealed significant binding of both Galpha(q) GDP/AlF(4)(-) and Galpha(q)(GTPgammaS), but not Galpha(q)(GDP), to GRK2. Activation-dependent binding was also observed in both COS-1 and HEK293 cells as GRK2 significantly co-immunoprecipitated constitutively active Galpha(q)(R183C) but not wild type Galpha(q). In vitro analysis revealed that GRK2 possesses weak GAP activity toward Galpha(q) that is dependent on the presence of a G protein-coupled receptor. However, GRK2 effectively inhibited Galpha(q)-mediated activation of phospholipase C-beta both in vitro and in cells, possibly through sequestration of activated Galpha(q). These data suggest that a subfamily of the GRKs may be bifunctional regulators of G protein-coupled receptor signaling operating directly on both receptors and G proteins.

Highlights

Membrane where they receive diverse extracellular stimuli, in the form of light, odorants, neurotransmitters, and hormones
The ability of GRK2 and GRK3 to bind to G␤␥ has been implicated as playing a direct role in the regulation of G protein signaling via the sequestration of free G␤␥ (4 – 6)
This process has recently been found to be modulated by a ubiquitous family of proteins termed regulators of G protein signaling (RGS), which serve as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that accelerate the rate of GTP hydrolysis and thereby limit the half-life of the activated species [10, 11]

Summary

Introduction

Membrane where they receive diverse extracellular stimuli, in the form of light, odorants, neurotransmitters, and hormones. These studies revealed the specific AlF4Ϫ-dependent binding of bovine brain G␣q/11 (Fig. 2C), but not other G␣ proteins (data not shown), to GST-GRK2(1–178), which contains the GRK2 RGS domain.

Results

Conclusion