Abstract
Several types of multivalent therapeutic antibody constructs have recently been described which exhibit an increased efficacy compared to free, bivalent antibody. For example, it has been shown that rituximab-coupled liposomes (devoid of encapsulated drug) show a stronger response than equal amounts of monomeric rituximab, supposedly due to the ability of the multivalent complex to hyper-cross-link its target in the plasma membrane. We sought to create a new type of multivalent antibody construct using gold nanoparticles, where rituximab is bound to the particle surface through a strong covalent bond. In the present study, rituximab-conjugated gold particles have been prepared with the aim of identifying suitable formulations for use in studies assessing the therapeutic potential of these novel formulations. Different types of rituximab-conjugated particles are prepared and characterized. The size of the particles, as well as the type of functionalization, is varied. In vitro studies with CD-20 positive h...
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