Abstract

For control of pest and diseases, the pesticides still act as first line of defense. The use of pesticides will remain, at least in the short to medium term, an important strategy, allowing the grower to continue to produce economically a quality crop. Guided chemical control aims to reduce pesticide use by determining whether a control for a certain pest is necessary and, if so, when it should be applied (for optimum effect). In guided control, chemical control is only deemed necessary when the economic benefits counterbalance the costs; it implies the use of curative rather than preventive pesticides. It is essential that the use of chemicals in IPM be based on economic threshold and only after considering the impact of the factors regulating the populations of pests and pathogens, making sure that there are no other effective management tools. Importance of selective pesticides in IPM programs, effects of chemical pesticides on beneficial organisms, influence of pesticide application on the selectivity of a pesticide, and pesticide resistance and anti-resistance strategies in IPM are discussed.

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