SELECTIVE OIL SPILL COMBAT PLANNING FOR OFFSHORE EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION OPERATIONS IN THE NORTH SEA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Experience shows that during emergencies (Ekofisk, Amoco Cadiz) considerable differences of opinion can arise concerning the best combat-action to be taken, in spite of existing approved contingency plans. In this paper, a case is made for an improvement of the decision-making during emergencies through selective contingency planning for offshore operations. In such selective contingency planning, a spill from a specific (potential) source and its impact on a stretch of coastline are being interconnected and analysed. This will involve consideration of source-specific data (such as location, oil-composition, flow-rates, and temperatures), together with such items as estimates of the fate and movement of that oil across the intermediate stretch of sea, seasonal conditions, pollution risks in terms of oil arrival times and amounts, and coastal vulnerability In consultation between government and industry, a scenario for action tailored to that situation then can be decided in advance, both for combat at the spill location and for coastal protection. The paper is illustrated with evidence from the Ekofisk blow-out case, and with the estimated pollution hazard for the Dutch Wad-denzee from an oil blow-out in the central North Sea area.