Selective miR-21 detection technology based on photocrosslinkable artificial nucleic acid-modified magnetic particles and hybridization chain reaction

Abstract

Recently, microRNA (miRNA) detection in blood has attracted attention as a new early detection technology for cancer. The extraction of target miRNA is a necessary preliminary step for detection; however, currently, most extraction methods extract all RNA from the blood, which limits the detection selectivity. Therefore, a method for the selective extraction and detection of target miRNA from blood is very important. In this study, we utilized photocrosslinkable artificial nucleic acids and the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) in an attempt to improve upon the current standard method RT-qPCR, which is hampered by problems with primer design and enzymatic amplification. By introducing photocrosslinkable artificial nucleic acids to oligonucleotide probes modified with magnetic particles with a sequence complementary to that of the target miRNA and irradiating them with light, covalent bonds were formed between the target miRNA and the oligonucleotide probes. These tight covalent bonds enabled the capture of miRNA in blood, and intensive washing ensured that only the target miRNA were extracted. After extraction, two types of DNA (H1 and H2) modified with fluorescent dyes were added and the fluorescence signals were amplified by the HCR in the presence of the target miRNA bound to the photocrosslinkable artificial nucleic acids, allowing for isothermal and enzyme-free miRNA detection. The novel method is suitable for selective miRNA detection in real blood samples. Because the reaction proceeds isothermally and no specialized equipment is used for washing, this detection technology is simple and selective and suitable for application to point-of-care technology using microfluidic devices.