Selective insecticides secure natural enemies action in cotton pest management

Abstract

Cotton hosts a variety of arthropod pests requiring intensive control mostly with insecticides, which in turn may impact beneficial insects and the environment. Therefore, insect control in cotton fields preconizes the use of selective insecticides that offer pest control but conserve natural enemies. In this work, we measured the impact of recommended insecticides on the abundance of predatory insects and predation upon sentinel preys in the field. Further, the survival of four key selected predatory insects of cotton ecosystem, representing chewing and sucking feeding habits and different pest species attacked [Chrysoperla externa Hagen, Eriopis connexa (Germar), Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) and Orius insidiosus (Say)], were assessed when exposed to the dried residues of the tested insecticides. Mortality of sentinel prey caused by natural enemies was higher in areas treated with selective insecticides relative to the non-selective ones, and most of time similar to the untreated areas. Furthermore, areas treated with non-selective insecticides experienced prolonged impact between sprays depending on the insecticide applied. Seasonal abundance of predatory insects was 2× greater in fields under selective and untreated fields compared to those under non-selective recommendation. Survival of predators exposed to the dried residues of the selective insecticides pymetrozine, chlorantraniliprole, pyriproxyfen, and cyantraniliprole were greater than when exposed to the non-selective lambda-cyhalothrin, malathion, dimethoate, and thiamethoxam. Among the non-selective insecticides, malathion and dimethoate exhibited shorter residual time compared to the thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam. Therefore, the recommendation of selective insecticides provides benefits for cotton pest management by maintaining the action of the natural enemies present in the field.