Abstract
By thermal evaporation of pure ZnO powders, high-density vertical-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays with diameter ranged in 80–250 nm were successfully synthesized on Si substrates covered with ZnO seed layers. It was revealed that the morphology, orientation, crystal, and optical quality of the ZnO nanorod arrays highly depend on the crystal quality of ZnO seed layers, which was confirmed by the characterizations of field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence measurements. For ZnO seed layer with wurtzite structure, the ZnO nanorods grew exactly normal to the substrate with perfect wurtzite structure, strong near-band-edge emission, and neglectable deep-level emission. The nanorods synthesized on the polycrystalline ZnO seed layer presented random orientation, wide diameter, and weak deep-level emission. This article provides a C-free and Au-free method for large-scale synthesis of vertical-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays by controlling the crystal quality of the seed layer.
Highlights
In the recent years, quasi-one-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanostructures such as nanopores, [1] nanowires, [2] nanobelts [3], and nanorods [4] have attracted great interest due to their unique electrical and photonic properties for potential applications in chemical sensors, optoelectronics, and field-effect transistors
A catalyst and carbon-free evaporation method was demonstrated to synthesize high-density wellaligned ZnO nanorod arrays on Si(100) substrates predeposited by ZnO seed layers with different crystal quality and morphology
The morphology and crystal quality of the ZnO nanorod arrays and the pre-deposited ZnO films were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, JEOL JSM-6700F) and X-ray diffraction (XRD, Brukers D8) measurements
Summary
Quasi-one-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanostructures such as nanopores, [1] nanowires, [2] nanobelts [3], and nanorods [4] have attracted great interest due to their unique electrical and photonic properties for potential applications in chemical sensors, optoelectronics, and field-effect transistors. Keywords ZnO Á Thermal evaporation Á Nanorod arrays Á Seed layer Á Catalyst-free
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