Abstract
Phytochemicals of Cannabis sativa mainly for the use in the different industries are that of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) is seen as an efficient, fast, green extraction technique for the removal of polar and semi-polar compounds from plant materials. The PHWE technique was applied to extract cannabinoid compounds from Cannabis sativa seed. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the influence of extraction time (5–60 min), extraction temperature (50–200 °C) and collector vessel temperature (25–200 °C) on the recovery of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBG) and cannabigerol (CBC) from Cannabis sativa seed by PHWE. The identification and semi quantification of cannabinoid compounds were determined using GCXGC-TOFMS. The results obtained from different extractions show that the amount of THC and CBN was drastically decreasing in the liquid extract when the temperature rose from 140 to 160 °C in the extraction cell and the collector′s vessel. The optimal conditions to extract more CBD, CBC, and CBG than THC and CBN were set at 150 °C, 160 °C and 45 min as extraction temperature, the temperature at collector vessel, and the extraction time, respectively. At this condition, the predicted and experimental ratio of THCt (THC + CBN)/CBDt (CBD + CBC+ CBG) was found to be 0.17 and 0.18, respectively. Therefore, PHWE can be seen as an alternative to the classic extraction approach as the efficiency is higher and it is environmentally friendly.
Highlights
Cannabis L Sativa is a plant belonging to the family of Cannabaccae and grows to around 2–5 m in height [1]
Extraction time and temperature were chosen for optimization since they are the main parameters that can influence the selectivity extraction of cannabinoid compounds from Cannabis sativa seed, and thereby, the recovery efficiency
The results showed that response surface methodology (RSM) has a higher ability to investigate the interaction of the main parameters involving the extraction of cannabinoid compounds from cannabis seed by Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE)
Summary
Cannabis L Sativa is a plant belonging to the family of Cannabaccae and grows to around 2–5 m in height [1]. The problem with the use of cannabis in pharmaceuticals and other endeavors is the presence of the THC and CBN in the plant, which is considered the more psychoactive and toxic for a human [8]. The development of modern extraction techniques like ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), supercritical extraction (SFE) and pressurized hot water extraction are emerging as an alternative [15,16] These techniques present a significant advantage over conventional methods. The main disadvantage is a high running cost [5,12,19,20] The alternative to these techniques is pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). Since THC and CBN are the main psychoactive compounds from cannabis plant, several researcher have developed techniques for a high selectivity extraction of non-psychoactive compounds over the psychoactive one. The PHWE technique was applied to cannabis seed in order to extract more CBD and lessen the THC and CBN, reducing the psycho-activity of cannabis products
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