Selective electron beam melting of NiTi: Microstructure, phase transformation and mechanical properties

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed extensive investigations of additively manufactured NiTi alloys using laser-source techniques. This study reports a selective electron beam melting process to make Ni-rich NiTi parts using the plasma rotating electrode processed pre-alloyed NiTi powder. Microstructures of the as-printed NiTi samples were investigated, including micro-morphology, phase constituent and texture. Chemical compositions (primarily oxygen and nickel) and martensitic transformation temperatures were compared between the in house made NiTi powders and as-printed NiTi samples. X-ray diffraction results show that the as-printed samples exhibit a dominant austenitic B2 phase and a minor in situ formed Ni4Ti3 phase. The as-printed samples demonstrate a strong B2 (001) orientation texture along the building direction. Differential scanning calorimetry results show asymmetric phase transformations: a two-step of B2 → R → B19′ phase transformation during cooling but a one-step B19′ → B2 transformation during heating. Excellent superelasticity and large reversible strain have been observed. The as-printed NiTi samples achieve a fracture tensile stress of 1411.0 ± 59.3 MPa and an elongation of 11.8 ± 0.9%. The observed tension-compression asymmetry has been also discussed.