Abstract
Diets with high daily fat consumption are associated with excess weight. However, the effects of fat type and consumption timing on excess weight remain unclear. We investigated the selection of a 30% (w/w) fat diet of soybean oil (SOY), lard (LARD), and fish oil (FISH) on the metabolic parameters of mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into the double SOY-box (w-SOY), SOY-box/LARD-box (SOY-vs-LARD), or SOY-box/FISH-box (SOY-vs-FISH) groups and allowed to selectively consume for 8 weeks. The total energy intake was similar for all groups, but the mice selectively chose to consume LARD over SOY and SOY over FISH. Body weight in the SOY-vs-LARD group was significantly higher than that in the w-SOY and SOY-vs-FISH groups. Additionally, minimal but selective consumption of an omega-3 fatty-acid-rich FISH diet at the end of the active period increased the physiological fatty acid compositions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the SOY-vs-FISH group; their metabolic parameters were also lower than the SOY-vs-LARD group. In conclusion, selectively consuming small amounts of fish oil at the end of the day may prevent excess weight compared with LARD consumption.
Highlights
Life insurance data indicate that obesity is associated with increased mortality owing to highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes such as type 2 diabetes mellitus [1,2].The combined medical costs associated with treating obesity-related diseases are expected to increase by USD 48–66 billion annually in the US and GBP 1.9–2.0 billion annually in the UK by 2030 [3]
Mice in the soybean oil-based high-fat diet (SOY)-vs-LARD group consumed significantly more of the LARD diet
We investigated the effects of selecting 30% fat diets composed of SOY, LARD, and fish oil (FISH) on metabolic parameters in mice using a self-selection regimen from two diet boxes
Summary
Life insurance data indicate that obesity is associated with increased mortality owing to highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes such as type 2 diabetes mellitus [1,2].The combined medical costs associated with treating obesity-related diseases are expected to increase by USD 48–66 billion annually in the US and GBP 1.9–2.0 billion annually in the UK by 2030 [3]. Life insurance data indicate that obesity is associated with increased mortality owing to highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes such as type 2 diabetes mellitus [1,2]. Nutrition transition can be defined as shifts in food habits, and is characterized by high-fat ( saturated animal fat) and hypercaloric food consumption [4]. High daily fat consumption is associated with being overweight or obese, leading to increased mortality [5]. Increased dietary fats have been associated with elevated energy intake and adiposity [6]. In addition to total fat consumption, individual fatty acid compositions are considered when studying dietary fats and obesity [7]. Mice who consumed a high-fat diet containing Spirulina lipids
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