Selection references accessions of winter bread wheat for expression levels of performance constituents and yield

Abstract

Aim. To select references of various expression levels of spike performance constituents and to format a trait collection by yield and performance. Results and Discussion. Based on the results of three-year research (2017–2019), 104 winter bread wheat accessions were characterized by performance and yield constituents. The geographical diversity of the trait collection of winter bread wheat in terms of performance and yield is represented by accessions from 10 countries worldwide. The majority of the trait collection consists of varieties from Ukraine (66), Russia (16), and Germany (10). The remaining accessions come from Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, France, Romania, Azerbaijan, Slovakia, and Romania. In order to further study and organize the genetic diversity of the crop and to assess trait expression ranges across the studied accessions, references reflecting 10 traits with 36 levels of their expression, in accordance with gradations of the classifier scales, were chosen. Comprehensive evaluation of accessions for a set of valuable economic features, spike performance constituents, and yield opens up an opportunity to create highly productive winter bread wheat varieties. Conclusions. Based on the results of the 2017–2019 studies of the winter bread wheat accessions, references for 10 traits with 36 levels of their expression were selected. In addition, among the winter bread wheat accessions, sources of high expression of the spike performance and yield constituents were identified: of the productive shoot number – MIP Asol, Obriad, Darynka Kyivska, Hubernator (UKR); of the yield – MIP Asol, Konka, Shchedrist Odeska, Hubernator, Ladyzhynka, Darynka Kyivska (UKR); of the spike length – Chornozerna, Pamiati Hirka (UKR), Feoniya (RUS), SWW 1-904 (TUR); of the spikelet number per spike – Pamiati Hirka, Er 414-13(UKR), Vekha (RUS), Kanada (DEU), SWW 1-904 (TUR); of the kernel number per spike – Niva Odeska (UKR), Kanada and Faustus (DEU), SWW 1-904 (TUR); of the spike density – Zluka (UKR ) and Viglanka (SVK); of the kernel weight per spike – Krasnopilka, Harmonika, Serpanok Kyivskyi (UKR); of the thousand kernel weight – Blaho, Krasnopilka, Zluka, Serpanok Kyivskyi, Harmonika, Zoloto Ukrainy, and Fito 269/13(UKR), Kazachka ( RUS), Karous-10 (TUR).