Selection of Wireless Technologies for Use in Agriculture

Abstract

Since the advent of early agriculture, agriculture has sought to increase yields. The continuous development of tools and fertilizers, the cultivation of plants and animals, the accumulation of knowledge about the processes of product growth began more than 10,000 years ago and continues to this day. The modern development of transport has made it possible to achieve the indices of humanity unprecedented before.In recent years, the introduction of Internet technologies, satellite communication and geopositioning, robotics, sensors and automation systems has begun in agriculture. In 2016, GPS and GLONASS have already been implemented and are being actively used in agriculture, which made it possible to improve the accuracy of machinery movement across the field. The transition to robotic transport enabled precise parallel movement. The use of sensitive sensors allows you to monitor the condition of the soil, accurately take into account its composition in small areas and make fertilizers where necessary.Thanks to these technologies, the field of "precision farming" is spreading. UAVs are being used to monitor crops, spray fertilizers and insect repellents. And the implementation of technology is ongoing. It is anticipated that the application of Big Data in agriculture will significantly improve the quality of knowledge about the processes that occur when growing products. Now 2016-2018 is called "experimental" and predicts the rapid development of smart agriculture in 2019-2020 and subsequent years.In the areas of high-precision agriculture, land management and crop production, there are ample opportunities for the use of IoT technologies. In particular, the ability to monitor soil parameters - its temperature, humidity and moisture capacity, which is necessary for optimal irrigation and fertilization, as well as environmental parameters of land. Remote monitoring and control of these parameters requires the use of wireless technologies. Different ways of data transmission, their advantages and disadvantages in the energy plan, dependence on external factors, range and method of information transfer were considered in the article. On this basis, the conclusions about the most appropriate to use the system of data transmission from greenhouses to the server, which in turn have less energy consumption and the most optimal for data transmission, also considered the feasibility of using certain methods of charging, depending on their advantages.