Abstract
In order to select camu-camu superior genotypes, a comparative of clones from natural populations, farmer plantations and an experimental field of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (INIA), was established in 2004 in varzea, at the Peruvian Amazon Research Institute (IIAP). Nine harvests between 2006 and 2016 have been evaluated, including variables in vegetative and reproductive development states. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program for analysis of variance and SELEGEN REML/BLUP for repetitivity analysis of “fruit yield” (FY) and “fruit weight” (FW) with 5 and 4 measurements (years) respectively. For FY, a repetitivity index r = 0.117±0.07 was obtained with a selective precision of 0.63 and efficiency of 1.84 where clones 69, 48, 58, 50, 61, 13, 18, 29, 49 and 32, were selected in descending order of merit. For FW, r = 0.690±0.294 was obtained with selective precision of 0.948, efficiency of 1.14 and selection of clones 44, 13, 26, 23, 69, 64 22, 52, 27 and 8. As for the content in ascorbic acid, clones 48, 32 and 35 occupied the first places with more than 2000 mg of ascorbic acid/100 g. The selections achieved strengthened the pre-improvement work by conferring vigour y fiavility of a long term research.
Highlights
The camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K) Mc Vaugh-Myrtaceae), whose center of origin is undetermined, is in a natural state in Peru, Brazil, Guyana, Colombia and Venezuela (Yuyama, 2005)
The present study proposes the evaluation of 37 clones of several Loreto-Peru basins that allow the selection with repeated measures of superior genotypes according to fruit productivity, fruit weight and ascorbic acid content of the fruit
In 2006, we evaluated the clones in relation with vegetative descriptors: “total basal diameter”, “average basal diameter”, “number of basal branches”, “plant height” and “cup diameter”
Summary
The camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K) Mc Vaugh-Myrtaceae), whose center of origin is undetermined, is in a natural state in Peru, Brazil, Guyana, Colombia and Venezuela (Yuyama, 2005). In Peru, it is located on the banks of black water rivers of Amazonian origin, such as Nanay, Tigre, Tapiche, Yarapa, Tahuayo, Pintuyacu, Itaya, Ampiyacu, Apayacu, Maniti and numerous tributaries of the Napo, Putumayo, Yavarí and Curaray (Mendoza et al, 1989). It adapts to soils with good drainage and water regimes with droughts of up to two months. Through genetic improvement and multiplication of higher genotypes, we seek to have greater control over the traits of interest (Pinedo et al, 2004) To this end, evaluations and selections of higher plants have been carried out in each year and in some multi-year periods. The result of these selections requires validation in a more complete analysis that allows to adjust such preliminary selections
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