Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate bifidobacteria flora in fecal samples from children with rotavirus infection and determine the significance of their selected probiotic properties for improvement of health status. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to identify rotavirus antigen in fecal samples from 94 patients with gastroenteritis and from 30 without gastroenteritis. Bifidobacteria were identified by selective media, gram reaction, colony morphology, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase enzyme activity and classical identification tests. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production was identified by phenol-sulphuric acid method. The modified method was then used to identify the quantity of taurocholic and glycocholic acid deconjugation and cholesterol elimination of the strains. Thirty-five of the 94 fecal samples were found positive for rotavirus antigen (37.23%). Bifidobacteria were identified in 59 of the samples. The EPS production ranges were 29.56-102.21 mg/L. The cholesterol elimination rates ranged between 8.36-39.22%. Furthermore, a positive and strong correlation was determined between EPS production and the presence of cholesterol (r=0.984, P<0.001). The deconjugation rates for the sodium glycocholate group was higher than the sodium taurocholate group. Rotavirus (+) bifidobacteria strains had higher EPS production, deconjugation rate and cholesterol elimination compared to bifidobacteria strains isolated from children in the rotavirus (-) sample and without gastroenteritis. Significant differences were observed among groups in all parameters (P<0.05). Given the increased number of rotavirus cases in Turkey and worldwide, it is very important to add superior bifidobacteria in the diets of infected children to improve the intestinal and vital functions.
Highlights
Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis among children and neonates, and accounts for an estimated 2 million hospitalizations per year worldwide [1,2]
EPS production by the bifidobacteria isolated from GRV+, GRV, and without gastroenteritis (WG) ranged between 29.56–102.21 mg/mL
Cholesterol had a positive impact on EPS production of all bifidobacteria strains in the media
Summary
Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis among children and neonates, and accounts for an estimated 2 million hospitalizations per year worldwide [1,2]. Secretory immunoglobulin A and probiotics in milk during the lactation period are very important for the protection against enteric infection factors including rotavirus [4,5]. Worldwide studies reported on the importance of probiotic microorganisms especially for children under 5 years of age. The most important benefits of probiotic microorganisms include the prevention of several infections, allergic disorders, diarrhea, and inflammatory diseases [6,7]. Bifidobacteria play an essential role in the prevention of pathogen microorganisms infection and in the regulation of the intestinal flora due to its probiotic properties. The presence of bifidobacteria in the intestines is a sign of a healthy microbiota [5]
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