Selection of Parameters and Parametric Design of Smart Bus Stops to Improve the Socio-temporal Landscape in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Abstract

Transportation is an important activity under Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. Bus stops are a crucial included element, which requires an architectural design for user satisfaction using functional and ethical design parameters. A study has been conducted at Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India to find the scope for development in the present bus stop infrastructures for better user satisfaction. Major bus routes in the town involving intra-city routes and intercity routes have been selected. Thirty-seven bus stops are selected for survey and analysis. User requirements in the bus stops have been evaluated and used as parameters for an improved design. A total of eighteen parameters are evaluated through survey and the feedback has been recorded in Google Form for analysis. Central tendencies of data have been computed. Further, dimensional reduction technique has been used to identify the principal components responsible for synergy of parameters. PCA of first three Principal component parameters has been considered for re-modelling the bus stops of Bhubaneswar. It has been observed that seven parameters jointly can achieve 54.4% user’s satisfaction compared to 44% as observed from the descriptive statistical analysis. Minitab-18 has been used for all statistical analysis. The correlation coefficient values have been used to determine the requirements of bus stop users in Bhubaneswar at different bus stops. PCA plots are further analysed for parameter recommendation in upgrading the bus stop facilities to make it sustainable and environment-friendly. The design of the bus stop has been made using Rhinoceros software and Grasshopper plugin.