Abstract
Improving the tillage methods, machines and equipment to increase their efficiency is an urgent task. Tillage implements should provide high-quality tillage, save energy and improve the yielding capacity of cultivated crops. The study purpose was to obtain the experimental data, which would reveal the variation patterns of energy parameters and agrotechnical indicators of the tillage implement operation, and to identify the rational operation modes under specific operating environment. The study object was the developed tillage implement with ring working tools PM-2/DK for pre-seeding tillage. The study subject was to obtain the variation patterns in energy and agrotechnical indicators of the designed modification of the tillage implement with the ring working tools teamed with MTZ-920 tractor. The study used the modern methods of theory and experimentation to identify the main quality indicators of the technological process of surface tillage, as well as to determine the energy parameters of the machine, to generalize them, and to analyze the experimental data obtained. The variation patterns of energy and agrotechnical indicators were revealed, the rational operation modes of the tillage implement were justified, namely, working speed V=2.8-3.3 m/s; installation angle of the ring working tools α=15-22°; energy inputs of the technological process Ei = 373.80-431.18 MJ/ha.
Highlights
In the course of research, modern methods of theory and experiments were used to identify the main indicators of the quality of the technological process of surface tillage, as well as to determine the energy parameters of the machine, generalize them, and analyze the experimental data obtained
The tillage machine performs a number of operations in one pass: pulling out weeds, separating them from the root part, and, from the soil, as well as loosening and surface leveling the field during its processing before sowing. Using such a tool with installed rings as working elements allows to increase the degree of loosening of the soil up to 100 %, ensures the destruction of weeds up to 100% and complete leveling of the surface
A reasonable rational mode of operation of the PM-2/DK tillage machine with MTZ920 tractor, created with working elements in the form of rings, provides the degree of soil crumbling Co = 100 %, the degree of weeds destruction Dd = 100 %, the depth of tillage h=9-11 cm; as well as the loading of energy means up toߣр = 0,86 from the nominal mode of tractor operation
Summary
Priority tasks in modern agricultural engineering today are the development of designs of technical means on the basis of which it is possible to use new highly efficient energysaving and environmentally sustainable technologies in crop production, which allow increasing labor productivity, significantly increasing crop yields, creating favorable conditions for plant growth, reducing costs and losses during tillage, sowing, fertilizing, harvesting, while ensuring environmental standards of safety and labor protection. It is established that during the definition of a technology or process of crops cultivation it is important to rely on new methods for the differentiation of the developed methods and approaches to the tillage taking into account some important factors such as features of the agricultural landscape, properties, and degree of soil fertility, it is necessary to accurately assess the biological features of crops, the possible change in the process of erosion, phytosanitary soil condition and hydrological conditions
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