Selection of introgressive wheat and triticale lines for grain quality and resistance to diseases for use in organic farming

Abstract

17 introgressive lines and varieties of winter wheat and 2 lines of winter triticale (collection of the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing) were studied to determine the possibility of their use in organic farming. The studies were conducted in 2021-2022 in the foothill zone of the south-east of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of the research field stationary of the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing. Analysis for genetically modified sources showed the absence of 35S and NOS regulatory elements in the samples. DNA identification by PCR to detect effective brown, stem and yellow rust genes ( Lr9, Lr26/Sr31/Yr9, Lr34/Yr18/ Sr57, Lr35/Sr39, Sr2, Sr36 ) made it possible to identify 4 samples (1633-40, 1675-170, 1723-11, 2041-7) with valuable Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38 genes and 1 sample (1127-7) with Lr26/Sr31/Yr9/Pm8 genes. Phytopathological assessment of the resistance of cereal crops was carried out on the natural background using the appropriate scales of recording the infestation of plants by brown stem rust and yellow rust. As a result, 9 samples resistant to 2 types of rust (brown and yellow) with reaction type R and zero percent were found (1127-7, 1675-170, 1676, 2005-13, 2041-13, 2046-1, KZ231, T-409-1, T-989-1). Stem rust in the years of research was not recorded. Grain quality assessment was carried out on the basis of the requirements of relevant GOSTs on the following parameters: grain nature, vitreousness, protein and gluten content, gluten quality. It was found that all the samples under consideration in terms of vitreousness and gluten content correspond to the class of strong wheat. Samples with high grain natures (≥800 g/l; 1674-27, 1675-149, 1675-170), protein content (≥16%; 2041-13, 2005-13, 2041-7, 1716-24, 1675-149, 1127-7, 1633-31, 1717-27, KZ231), quality and quantity of gluten (1127-7, KZ231) were selected. According to the results of comprehensive evaluation, 2 lines (1127-7, KZ231), which showed good resistance to 2 types of rust and high grain quality, were noted. These lines are recommended for use in organic farming.