Abstract
The selection of superior strawberry genotypes is a complex process due to the high variability after hybridization that is caused by the octoploid nature and the heterozygosis, making the selection of multiple traits difficult. This study aimed to select strawberry hybrids with the potential for fresh consumption and/or processing by applying multivariate analysis to obtain traits of interest simultaneously. Hybrids were obtained from the crossing among seven commercial cultivars, defining a selection of 10% of them. The experimental design consisted of an augmented block design, with two commercial cultivars, Camarosa and Camino Real, as the controls. Different variables, including the number and average mass of commercial fruits, total fruit mass, pH, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, reducing sugars, pectin, ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, and anthocyanin’s, were assessed. The selection of hybrids was based on the Mulamba and Mock rank-summation index, principal component analysis, and Ward’s hierarchical cluster analysis. The selection index was based on different weights being adopted for fresh market and processing. The assessed traits had high variability between hybrids. The highest selection gains were obtained for production traits, but the different weight assignment resulted in different classifications of hybrids for both fresh consumption and processing. Most of the hybrids selected by the index remained in the same group in the principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses, which indicates that multivariate analysis is a valuable tool for assisting in the selection of superior hybrids in the strawberry crop.
Highlights
Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) is a crop that is widely grown in the world, both for fruit market to fresh consumption and to processing, mainly due to the appearance, texture, taste, aroma, and nutritional content [1].The worldwide production of strawberry is almost 9.2 million tons with a harvested area around 395,844 ha
Based on the above mentioned overview, the objective of this study was to evaluate and select strawberry genotypes obtained from crosses, while using multivariate analysis based on yield and physicochemical traits for fresh market and processing
The genotypic differences were significant for the number of commercial fruits (NCF), mass of commercial fruit (MCF), total fruit mass (TFM), SS/titratable acidity (TA) ratio, total pectin (TP), ascorbic acid (AA), and anthocyanins (ANT)
Summary
Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) is a crop that is widely grown in the world, both for fruit market to fresh consumption and to processing, mainly due to the appearance, texture, taste, aroma, and nutritional content [1].The worldwide production of strawberry is almost 9.2 million tons with a harvested area around 395,844 ha. Most of the strawberry cultivars that are planted in Brazil, especially in the Mid-West and South, are imported from Chile and Argentina, which come from breeding programs of the United States, Spain, and Italy [9,10]. This dependence on foreign cultivars and nurseries results in high costs for growers due to expenses in importing seedlings and paying royalties. The development of strawberry breeding programs in Brazil is of high relevance for reducing the dependence on imported genotypes and developing cultivars that are more adapted to weather conditions of the Brazilian producing regions
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