Selection of drought-tolerant tomato during the vegetative stage

Abstract

Drought stress consists of a significant productivity constraint in tomatoes. Two contrasting crosses were performed to estimate physiological and morphological traits in response to drought stress during the vegetative stage, aiming to identify superior genotypes for drought tolerance. Two genotypes (GBT_2037 – sensitive drought-sensitive and GBT_2016 – intermediate drought-tolerant) were used as female parentals, and a commercial hybrid (drought tolerant) was used as a pollen source in both crosses: C1 (GBT_2037 × Commercial hybrid) and C2 (GBT_2016 × Commercial hybrid). The populations of parentals (P), the first generation of descendants (F1), backcrosses (BC), and the second generation of self-pollination (F2) were exposed to drought stress for 20 days when they were analyzed: physiological traits (relative water content of leaves, proline, and relative chlorophyll content) and morphological (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh and dry matter of roots and shoot and classification by wilt scale). The means of chlorophyll, root/shoot ratio, and water content in leaves for the F2 generation of C2 were higher than C1, indicating that C2 resulted in plants with greater capacity to maintain turgor under conditions of water stress and presented minor damage to the photosynthetic structures, consequently showing greater tolerance to drought stress.