Abstract
The “line” of hybrids recommended by the Ural Research Institute of Agriculture Ob 140 SV (FAO 140), Ross 130 MV (FAO 130) and Kuban 101 SV (later Kuban 102 SV) (FAO 120) in 2016…2020 occupied 81.8…90.6% in the structure of sown seeds in the Sverdlovsk region. The area under corn by 2014 increased to 19.39 thousand hectares (6.3 times compared to 2008) and in 2015…2020 it stabilized at the level of 19.3…21.0 thousand hectares. The production test of the “grain” corn cultivation technology developed by the Ural Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences was carried out in four basic farms, in which the area of corn sown increased by 1.9 times over the period from 2012 to 2020, with a simultaneous increase in the sowings of high-protein crops: alfalfa and oilseeds. In the agricultural organizations of the SEC “Kilachevsky” and the SEC named after. The starch content in the silo reached 202-364 g/kg in 2017…2020, in some years it decreased to 142…146 g/kg (SEC “Kilachevsky”) and to 64…67 g/kg (SEC im. Zhukov). Over the past 3…5 years, individual farms of the region have begun to harvest cornage from corn. In the SEC “Kilachevsky”, the starch content in the new type of feed was 247 g/kg SV in 2018, 341…407 g/kg in 2019 and 439 g/kg SV in 2020. The research was carried out on the basis of the FSBSI URFANITS UrB RAS as part of the State Task on the topic “Creation and improvement of adaptive technologies for the cultivation and processing of economically significant agricultural crops based on the optimization of biotic and abiotic factors”.
Highlights
In the first years of corn introduction in the Urals, a number of scientists proved the feasibility of growing varieties and hybrids with a period of germination - wax ripeness of 95-100 days, which gave high yields of dry mass with ears of milk-wax ripeness [1, 2, 3]
The task was set to select corn hybrids with FAO 120...150, which reach the phase of grain milk-wax ripeness by harvesting, providing a high starch content in the dry matter of silage and cornage
Studies of many scientists have found that during the maturation of corn plants, the ratio of nutrients changes: the content of dry matter and starch increases to the full ripeness phase, but the content of sugar and raw protein decreases
Summary
In the first years of corn introduction in the Urals, a number of scientists proved the feasibility of growing varieties and hybrids with a period of germination - wax ripeness of 95-100 days, which gave high yields of dry mass with ears of milk-wax ripeness [1, 2, 3]. The seeds of late-maturing hybrids continued to be supplied in the Sverdlovsk Region, reaching the tasseling phase - ear flowering, by harvesting.
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