Abstract
Availability of DOPA <em>in situ</em> and thereafter Dopamine (DA) is the main therapeutic approach to treat the Parkinson's Disease (PD). Human neural stem cells (hNSCs), a good source of DA synthesis and release, have long been demonstrated to be a promising candidate for treating PD. However limited cell sourcing and low-growth rate are major concern of its applicability.
Highlights
Introduction thereby cause marked depletion ofDopamine [1]
For culturing Human neural stem cells (hNSCs), tissue culture plates were pre-coated with cell-matrix gel (Cat#ACS 3035, ATCC, Manassas, VA)
HNSCs (H9), adult normal human neural stem cells of female origin were purchased from ThermoFisher, and the growth and maintenance of these cells were conducted with human neural stem cell growth medium supplemented with human neural stem cell growth factors (GS2) and antibiotics (GS1) from Cell Applications (San Diego, CA, USA)
Summary
Treatment with Levodopa, a precursor of Dopamine significantly remits the symptoms [2], but it is still considered as a palliative treatment. Long term uses of Levodopa may cause neural tube defects, Dyskinesia, etc [3]. Cell replacement therapy for PD with dopaminergic (DA) neurons, is considered to be the most promising candidate for restoring nigrostriatal DA transmission [4]. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been shown to be successfully induced to differentiate into DA neurons in vitro [5,6,7], many problems like propensity to form teratomas and ethical issues, limit their uses clinically [8,9]. Due to a safety concern, gene-transfected cells including induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) with over expression of DA neurons are not a good choice either [10,11]
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