Selection of carioca common bean lines with slow darkening

Helton Santos Pereira,Hélio Wilson Lemos De Carvalho,Válter Martins De Almeida,Ludivina Lima Rodrigues,Luís Cláudio De Faria,Fabiana Rocha Mendonça,Patrícia Guimarães Santos Melo,Antônio Félix Da Costa,Leonardo Cunha Melo,Israel Alexandre Pereira Filho

doi:10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2021.v56.02471

Abstract

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the interaction between genotypes and environment for seed-coat darkening of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds, in order to select lines that combine slow darkening, upright plants, resistance to lodging, and higher yield and 100-grain weight, with good adaptability and stability for these traits. Forty four pre-selected lines, originating from crosses between one cultivar with slow darkening and prostrate plants and four cultivars with normal darkening and upright plants, were evaluated in field trials conducted in 15 environments (combinations of locations, crop seasons, and years). Considering the mean values, adaptability, and stability for each isolated trait, most of the lines presented satisfactory performance: 75% for slow darkening, 48% for high yield, 59% for upright plants, 84% for resistance to lodging, and 68% for 100-grain weight. The effects of environments and of the genotype by environment interaction are important for the five studied traits. The CNFC 16754 and CNFC 16820 lines present slow seed-coat darkening, high yield and 100-grain weight, more upright plant architecture, and greater resistance to lodging, besides high adaptability and stability for these traits, which shows their potential for recommendation as new cultivars and confirms that it is possible to join desirable phenotypes for the five traits evaluated.

Highlights

Brazil is among the countries that most produce common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (FAO, 2021), with an annual production of around 2,7 million tons (Embrapa, 2021)
Junk-Knievel et al (2008), working with pinto bean, and Silva et al (2008), with carioca bean, each concluded that seed-coat darkening is under monogenic control, with dominance of the allele that regulates normal darkening
Alvares et al (2019) confirmed the monogenic segregation reported by Silva et al (2008) and found that the gene responsible for darkening in carioca bean and pinto bean may be the same, as shown through the use of a molecular marker

Summary

Introduction

Brazil is among the countries that most produce common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (FAO, 2021), with an annual production of around 2,7 million tons (Embrapa, 2021). During the period between grain harvest and sale in the market, high temperature and humidity conditions accelerate the oxidation reaction of the condensed tannins present in the seed coat of the carioca grain, which leads to darkening of the beige tones of the seed coat, lowering the commercial value of the grain (Junk-Knievel et al, 2008; Silva et al, 2008, 2014, 2018; Alvares et al, 2016; Coutin et al, 2017; Erfatpour et al, 2018). Junk-Knievel et al (2008), working with pinto bean, and Silva et al (2008), with carioca bean, each concluded that seed-coat darkening is under monogenic control, with dominance of the allele that regulates normal darkening. Alvares et al (2019) confirmed the monogenic segregation reported by Silva et al (2008) and found that the gene responsible for darkening in carioca bean and pinto bean may be the same, as shown through the use of a molecular marker. Several authors found high heritability estimates (Silva et al, 2014; Alvares et al, 2016), indicating favorable conditions for the selection of lines with slow seedcoat darkening

Objectives

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Results

Conclusion