Abstract
This study introduces a novel index that accounts for the interactions of wave climate and wave energy converters, offering an unbiased approach that considers climate variability, survivability and energy production. Application of the index is done with use of a long-term wave hindcast, validated database for the North Sea. A detailed overall and monthly wave resource assessment reveals that mean expected wave resource is ≈15 kW/m, with higher nearshore values in December-January ≈20-25 kW/m. Lower magnitudes are met in July with values closer to ≈ 4-6 kW/m, as a general observation higher resource magnitude is expected at upper parts of the North Sea, with diminishing levels towards the English channel, the difference in available resource is almost half. The region favours "smaller" capacity devices for energy production, with capacity factors having encouraging results. The highest mean value for a capacity factor in the region is 25-32%, depending on device. However, the new index indicated that the highest capacity factor value should not be the determinant parameter. In fact, other locations have less energy production annnually, but exhibit significantly less variation in production patterns, and lower extreme values of return waves.
Highlights
Climate Change impacts are expected to have disastrous effects on human societies, with increased probabilities for extreme events, flooding, severe weather, and the socio-economic strata of human societies [1]
Selection Index for Wave Energy Deployments (SIWED) is applied to the North Sea Wave Database (NSWD) dataset covers a period of 38 years the database has an hourly output of parameters, with total ! 340; 000 hours per location [63], comparing different Wave energy converter (WEC) for final selection
To evaluate and underline the usefulness of SIWED, several points were extracted along the domain, selection was arbitrary and made to represent a diverse set of conditions and depths, see Table 2 and Fig. 3
Summary
Climate Change impacts are expected to have disastrous effects on human societies, with increased probabilities for extreme events, flooding, severe weather, and the socio-economic strata of human societies [1]. Amongst necessary steps to mitigate Climate Change, is the reduction of CO2 emissions, several countries committed to ambitious targets at the Conference of Parties in 2015 [2]. European Union Member States have set ambitious targets for 2020 and 2030, with regards to greenhouse gas emissions and renewable energy [3]. Common thread in all NECPs is the premise that all local renewable energy sources have to be used more. This premise encompasses several oversights and the need for innovative energies to be further incorporated
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