Abstract
The meaning of genotypic fitness in Mendelian populations consisting of unisexual and/or bisexual individuals is discussed for a model which is applicable toplant populations but not only to these. In order to encourage general application the model is formulated for arbitrary numbers of loci, sex-linked or autosomal, and arbitrary numbers of alleles per locus. The necessity of expressing fitness values in terms of the number of successful gametes is demonstrated. To prevent confusion with other frequently used fitness concepts, the term “realized genotypic fitness” is introduced. Such fitness values have the general advantage that they determine directly the gametic frequencies in the next generation. It is shown that realized genotypic fitness is frequency-independent only for exceptional cases. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of such casesare derived. The mode of dependence of realized fitness on genotypic frequencies is illustrated: along straight lines passing through the state space of genotypic structures, realized genotypic fitness changes monotonically. Hence the conclusion that extreme fitness values are not assumed when all genotypic frequencies are positive. It was possible to find necessary and sufficient conditions for one genotype to be superior in realized fitness to another genotype for all genotypic frequencies (frequency-independent ranking).
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