Abstract
Greengram, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek is an important source of proteins and micronutrients to small holder farmers in eastern and northern regions of Uganda. Most of the landraces currently grown by small scale farmers are characterized by low yields and late maturity. In order to identify high yielding and stable varieties, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield performance of introduced early maturing genotypes from the World Vegetable Centre (AVDRC) in seven locations of Uganda. Yield performance data for the genotypes was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the significance of genotype × environmental interactions as well as stability analysis using the yield – stability statistic (YSi) as an aid for simultaneous selection for high yield and stability. Analyses of variance showed that genotype × environmental interactions (G×E) were significant and therefore could not be ignored. Following the detection of significant genotype × environmental interactions, yield – stability statistics (YSi) were generated and used for simultaneous selection for high yield and stability among the introduced genotypes. Yield-stability statistics (YSi), indicated that three introduced genotypes (Filsan, Sunshine, and Blackgram) in addition to the local check were stable and high yielding. These genotypes need to be assessed for farmer preferences/tastes and other quality traits in on-farm participatory trials before they can be recommended for release.
Highlights
Greengram Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek is one of the important pulse crops widely grown by small holder farmers in the eastern and northern regions of Uganda (Apio Ibedo, 2014)
Yield performance data for the genotypes was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the significance of genotype × environmental interactions as well as stability analysis using the yield – stability statistic (YSi) as an aid for simultaneous selection for high yield and stability
A combined analysis of variance to assess the significance of genotype × environment interactions was carried out before computing the yield and yield-stability statistics (YSi)
Summary
Greengram Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek is one of the important pulse crops widely grown by small holder farmers in the eastern and northern regions of Uganda (Apio Ibedo, 2014). Shifts in rainfall patterns and seasons due to climatic change require the development of varieties that are early maturing Such new varieties must show high performance for yield and other essential agronomic traits and their superiority should be consistent (stable) over a wide range of environmental conditions (Becker & Leon, 1988). Genotype × environment (G×E) interaction pauses a continuous challenge among plant breeders and agronomists in making cultivar recommendations to farmers because of the associated consequences especially when selection is based on yield alone (Kang, 1993) This is due to lack of emphasis on both yield and stability in most breeding programs (Mekbib, 2002) as well as lack of appropriate policy support for instance the new Ugandan Plant Variety Protection Bill (2010), which governs variety release in the country does not consider yield and stability simultaneously. This is due to lack of emphasis on both yield and stability in most breeding programs (Mekbib, 2002) as well as lack of appropriate policy support for instance the new Ugandan Plant Variety Protection Bill (2010), which governs variety release in the country does not consider yield and stability simultaneously. Kang (1993) warns that cultivar recommendations made by breeders and/ or agronomists on the basis of yield alone as is conventionally done pause a serious risk to growers
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