Selection for High and Low Threshold Body Weight at First Egg in Broiler Strain Females.: 4. Photoperiodic Drive in the Selection Lines and in Commercial Layers and Broiler Breeders

Abstract

A two-way selection program, carried out for high and low threshold BW at onset of lay (ThrWtLay), decreased photoperiodic drive of the high line (HL) relative to the low line (LL). Photoperiodic drive in modern broiler breeder females was compared to layer females in experiments using the HL and LL lines, a commercial layer cross (LX), and a commercial broiler breeder female line cross (BX). Treatment groups were: NS, natural decreasing light to 20 wk, followed by natural light supplemented to 16 h daily with artificial light; NN, natural decreasing light to end of experiment; DD, dark room from hatch to end of experiment; ND, natural decreasing light to 20 wk, dark room thereafter. Under NS, mean age and BW at first egg was greater for the HL line than for the LL line. The difference increased by a further 8.9 d and 217.5 g under NN. Similarly, under NS, mean age and BW at first egg was greater for BX than for LX, and the difference increased by a further 22.6 d and 256.1 g under NN. These interactions indicate greater photoperiodic drive of LX and LL stocks relative to the HL and BX stocks. Prepeak and peak egg production (EP) was greatest for the LX, lower for the LL, and lower yet for HL and BX. Photoperiodic drive may be of major importance in determining prepeak and peak EP. Except for the DD treatment, age and BW of the LX cross at first egg were virtually identical across treatments, those of the LL line were similar, whereas those of the HL and BX stocks showed differences. Similarly, EP curves of the LX cross were virtually identical across treatments, those of the LL line were relatively uniform, but those of the HL and BX stocks again showed great differences. Standard deviation and coefficient of variation of peak EP were very low for the LX cross, still low, but significantly greater for the LL line, and significantly greater yet again for both HL and BX stocks. Thus, increased photoperiodic drive may also be associated with greater stability of reproductive performance. Selection for early onset of lay on release from feed restriction may provide a means of increasing photoperiodic drive and consequent reproductive performance of broiler breeders.