Abstract
Divergent selection for flying ability has been carried out in four populations ofTribolium castaneum recently captured from the wild. Upward selection changed the percentage of flying individuals from 2–16% to 90–100%. Relaxation of selection did not appreciably change the means previously attained by upward selection, whereas reverse selection was sometimes effective. Natural selection forces acting on the trait thus cannot be strong under laboratory conditions. Laboratory populations appear to be less variable than wild populations; only one out of three populations tested showed phenotypic variation for flying ability. Alternative hypotheses for explaining these observations are discussed.
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