Abstract
The problem of selection bias is pervasive in the social and behavioral sciences. This article defines the problem and provides examples of where it arises. Since the 1980s the Heckman two-step method has been the most popular method of correcting for selection bias. It is explained and the criticisms made of it are discussed. In recent years much attention has focused on selection bias in the nonexperimental evaluation of programs. The issues in this area are briefly outlined: selection bias proves to be only one of several possible sources of bias in these circumstances. The article ends with some practical guidelines for using selection bias correction mechanisms in empirical research.
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