Selection Behavior and OBP-Transcription Response of Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, to Six Plant VOCs from Kidney Beans.

Abstract

Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an important link that mediates chemical communication between plants and plants, plants and insects, and plants and natural enemies of insect pests. In this study, we tested the response in the selective behavior of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, to the VOCs of kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., to explore their "attraction" or "repellent" effects regarding their application in integrated pest management (i.e., IPM). The results indicated that 12.7 μL/mL (E, E, E, E)-squalene, 3.2 μL/mL dioctyl phthalate, and 82.2 μL/mL ethyl benzene had a significantly attractive effect on the selective behavior of F. occidentalis, while 10.7 μL/mL and 21.4 μL/mL 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methyl phenol had a significantly repulsive effect on the selective behavior of F. occidentalis, showing that F. occidentalis responds differently to specific concentrations of VOCs from P. vulgaris plant emissions. Interestingly, the three compounds with the specific above concentrations, after being mixed in pairs, significantly attracted F. occidentalis compared to the control treatment; however, the mixture with the three above compounds had no significant different effect on F. occidentalis compared to the control treatment. It can be seen that the effect with the mixtures of three kinds of VOCs had the same function and may not get better. Simultaneously, the reasons for this result from the transcription levels of odorant-binding protein genes (OBPs) were determined. There were differences in the types and transcription levels of OBPs, which played a major role in the host selection behavior of F. occidentalis under the mixed treatment of different VOCs. It is presumed that there are specific VOCs from P. vulgaris plants that have a good repellent or attracting effect on the selective behavior of F. occidentalis, which can be used for the development of plant-derived insect attractants and repellents to serve as IPM in fields. But attention should be paid to the antagonism between plant-derived preparations and VOCs produced by plants themselves after application.