Abstract
Before 2013, the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (ASBMT) organized a comprehensive education supplement published in Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation in conjunction with the annual BMT Tandem Meetings, jointly organized by the ASBMT and the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR). Beginning with last year’s meeting, the education supplement was condensed to comprise critical reviews of 3 topics, selected by the meeting co-chairs, highlighting topics of particular interest. This year we are pleased to present 3 outstanding review articles compiled by scientific session speakers who are world leaders in their respective disciplines that examine topics of broad interest to the transplant community. In the first review, Drs. Paresh Vyas, Frederick Appelbaum, and Charles Craddock review the current state of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML remains the leading indication for allogeneic HCT in the world, with over 25,000 patients transplanted for this indication in the 10-year span from 2001 to 2011 (source: CIBMTR, 2014). As discussed by the authors, AML presents both opportunity and persistent challenge, given the clear importance of the graft-versusleukemia response seen after HCT as well as the fact that the most common cause of death in treated patients remains therapy-resistant disease. In this collaborative review, Dr. Vyas first presents an overviewof leukemiabiology.Hedescribesour rapidevolution from a conventional strategy of AML diagnosis and prognostic assessment based onmorphologic and cytogenetic evaluation that guided decisions about transplantation for decades. He discusses the expanding use of molecular studies, including emerging studies based on whole genome and exome sequencing in newly diagnosed AML patients. He also discusses the important role of clonal heterogeneity within the leukemic population, including the putative role of leukemic stem cells in leukemia persistence and treatment failure.
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