Abstract
The paper focuses on the assessment of selected physicochemical properties of microemulsion containing 5% by mass (m/m) of surface active compounds (SAC), i.e. Span20 and Crilet4 as well as 10 % (m/m) of distilled water dispersed in diesel fuel (DF). In particular temperature dependent properties such as: flash point (FP) and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) as well as lubricity, friction coefficient, corrosiveness and kinematic viscosity of tested fuels were examined. It was found that the tested surfactants and water added to DF increase microemulsion FP by 13 ºC. For this reason, it can be stated that tested microemulsion is safer than typical DF. On the other hand it was found that the CFPP of the tested microemulsion is also adequately higher. It means less usefulness of such fuel during winter periods. Based on the research results it can be stated that addition of tested surfactants slightly worsens the lubricity of DF. However, the same surfactants in the presence of dispersed water reduce the friction in the tribological node and improve the lubricity of the tested microemulsion. Research showed that tested microemulsion system is not corrosive as well as its kinematic viscosity meet requirements of EN590 standard. Based on all these findings, microemulsion is considered as safe and such fuel can be recommended for engine tests without the risk of its damage.
Highlights
The progressing ecological requirements related with the emission of harmful exhaust components from self-ignition engines make their design more and more complex
Literature reports indicate that emulsions as well as water-fuel microemulsions can be effective in the area of simultaneous reduction of soot particle and nitrogen oxide emissions from self-ignition engines
The dispersion of water in diesel oil requires the use of appropriate surface-active compounds, the nature of which is one of the factors affecting the physicochemical properties of the obtained microemulsions
Summary
The progressing ecological requirements related with the emission of harmful exhaust components from self-ignition engines make their design more and more complex. Taking into account the increase in diesel oil prices in relation to gasoline, it can be concluded that the popularity of light vehicles equipped with self-ignition engines is decreasing. It has been confirmed in the statistics of the European Association of Vehicle. There is a motivation to look for new fuels that help protect the environment against hazards resulting from the combustion of traditional fuels in internal combustion engines Research in this area suggests that so called oxygenated fuels such as alcohols and fatty acid methyl esters can have important influence on reduction of harmful engine gases. Some of them are burnt but the remaining part is emitted to the environment through the exhaust pipe
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