Abstract

Interferon tau (IFNT), a novel multifunctional type I interferon secreted by trophectoderm, is the pregnancy recognition signal in ruminants that also has antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory bioactivities. IFNT, with progesterone, affects availability of the metabolic substrate in the uterine lumen by inducing expression of genes for transport of select nutrients into the uterine lumen that activate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cell signaling responsible for proliferation, migration, and protein synthesis by conceptus trophectoderm. As an immunomodulatory protein, IFNT induces an anti-inflammatory state affecting metabolic events that decrease adiposity and glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 activity, while increasing insulin sensitivity, nitric oxide production by endothelial cells, and brown adipose tissue in rats. This short review focuses on effects of IFNT and progesterone affecting transport of select nutrients into the uterine lumen to stimulate mTOR cell signaling required for conceptus development, as well as effects of IFNT on the immune system and adiposity in rats with respect to its potential therapeutic value in reducing obesity.

Highlights

  • ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCESProgesterone, and interferon tau affect conceptus metabolism and development

  • Interferon tau (IFNT) induces an anti-inflammatory state affecting metabolic events that decrease adiposity and glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 activity, while increasing insulin sensitivity, nitric oxide production by endothelial cells, and brown adipose tissue in rats. This short review focuses on effects of IFNT and progesterone affecting transport of select nutrients into the uterine lumen to stimulate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cell signaling required for conceptus development, as well as effects of IFNT on the immune system and adiposity in rats with respect to its potential therapeutic value in reducing obesity

  • The central hypothesis of our research on obesity is that IFNT suppresses production of proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines in white adipose tissue (WAT), which are central to development of an inflammatory state that is central to development of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic syndrome

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Summary

ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Progesterone, and interferon tau affect conceptus metabolism and development. IFNT induces an anti-inflammatory state affecting metabolic events that decrease adiposity and glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 activity, while increasing insulin sensitivity, nitric oxide production by endothelial cells, and brown adipose tissue in rats. This short review focuses on effects of IFNT and progesterone affecting transport of select nutrients into the uterine lumen to stimulate mTOR cell signaling required for conceptus development, as well as effects of IFNT on the immune system and adiposity in rats with respect to its potential therapeutic value in reducing obesity. Sci. 1271 (2012) 88–96 c 2012 New York Academy of Sciences

Select nutrients in the pregnant uterus
Effects of IFNT on obesity and onset of diabetes
Nutrition and successful outcomes of pregnancy
Conceptus development and pregnancy recognition in sheep
Response of ovine conceptus explant cultures to select nutrients
In vivo effects of Arg on successful outcomes of pregnancy
Key roles for fructose in development of ungulate conceptuses
Summary and conclusions
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