Abstract
Public education in Chile has lost relevance over the past years, manifested in a drastic drop in enrollment. Education policy has developed an assortment of tools to revert this situation, where evidence shows that the school principal factor may be fundamental in obtaining better results. In 2011, a new law was approved that stipulates that the school principal must be selected for merit and through competitive processes following selection criteria established for public leadership and management positions. The objective of this work is to explore the possible impacts of this policy. Using public data at the school level, diverse models of Difference in Differences (DID) are proposed to estimate the impact in several indicators. Results show positive effects on the Simce math test between 2.1 and 4.2 points in a six-year period; that the treatment has positive impact over time; no effects are found on the language test; nor on different non-cognitive indicators; finally, no changes are observed in educational management indicators such as average attendance or teacher mobility. Results are partially in line with the literature, which leads to the assumption that, after more than five years from the approval of this law, there is space for improvement in the policy.
Highlights
Public education in Chile has lost relevance over the past years, manifested in a drastic drop in enrollment
Education policy has developed an assortment of tools to revert this situation, where evidence shows that the school principal factor may be fundamental in obtaining better results
In 2011, a new law was approved that stipulates that the school principal must be selected for merit and through competitive processes following selection criteria established for public leadership and management positions
Summary
COMPETITIVOS: EVIDENCIA DE UNA POLÍTICA PARA CHILE - C. El hecho de que junto con la no identificación de impactos en los indicadores cognitivos y no cognitivos se obtenga un nulo impacto en la gestión de personal con mal desempeño —factor que la literatura describe como relevante—permite sostener que existen espacios para mejorar la implementación de esta política de selección, de manera que los nuevos directivos seleccionados con estos mecanismos tengan más posibilidades de autonomía y herramientas efectivas para la gestión educativa de sus establecimientos. En lo que respecta a los procesos de selección de directivos de establecimientos municipales, la ley establece que estos se deberán acoger al nuevo mecanismo que se inspira en el Sistema de Alta Dirección Pública (SADP) gestionado por el Servicio Civil. La ley permite que el director pueda crear mecanismos internos de evaluación como herramienta de gestión interna, según los cuales podrá entregar incentivos o mejoras en remuneraciones, en línea con lo que establezca el sostenedor
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