Seizures and Endocrine Disorders

Abstract

Derangement in endocrine homeostasis can result in many different neurological signs and symptoms (1). Seizures are a common neurological presentation of changes in endocrine function (Table 1), which may be difficult to control until the underlying etiology is uncovered and addressed. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are important common defects of endocrine disorders encountered in clinical practice (2,3). Glucose is the primary energy substrate of the brain, and any disturbance of normal glucose concentration may cause altered cerebral function and result in irreversible neuronal damage if the process is prolonged. Seizures may also occur as a result of electrolyte imbalance secondary to primary endocrine disorders, such as hypocalcemia (4) from hypoparathyroidism and hyponatremia from primary adrenal insufficiency (5). Recognition and correction of the underlying metabolic disturbance are of utmost importance in the management of such cases (Table 2).