Abstract
PurposeTo examine the effects of current shunt on rats with temporal lobe epilepsy and neocortex epilepsy.Experimental DesignA kainic acid (KA)-induced model of temporal lobe seizure and a penicillin-induced model of neocortical partial seizure were used in this study. Rats of each model were randomly allocated into two groups: control and model groups. The model group was further divided into the KA or penicillin group, sham conduction group and conduction group. The current shunt was realized through the implantation of a customized conduction electrode. After surgery, electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded for two hours for each rat under anesthesia. Subsequently, the rats were video monitored for 72 h to detect the occurrence of behavioral seizures upon awakening. The average number and duration of seizures on EEG and the number of behavioral seizures were measured.ResultsIn KA model, the number of total EEG seizures in conduction group (9.57±2.46) was significantly less than that in sham conduction group (15.13±3.45) (p<0.01). The duration of EEG seizures in conduction group (26.13±7.81 s) was significantly shorter than that in sham conduction group (34.17±7.25 s) (p = 0.001). A significant reduction of behavioral seizures was observed in the conduction group compared with KA (p = 0.000) and sham conduction groups (p = 0.000). In penicillin model, there was a 61% reduction in total EEG seizures in conduction group compared with sham conduction group (p<0.01), and the duration of EEG seizures in conduction group (6.29±2.64 s) was significantly shorter than that in the sham conduction group (12.07±3.81 s) (p = 0.002). A significant reduction of behavioral seizures was observed in conduction group compared with penicillin (p<0.01) and sham conduction groups (p<0.01).ConclusionCurrent shunt effectively reduces the onset and severity of seizures. Current shunt therapy could be an effective alternative minimally invasive approach for temporal lobe epilepsy and neocortex epilepsy.
Highlights
Despite many alternatives to antiepileptic drugs, 30% of patients with epilepsy remain poorly controlled [1,2]
A significant reduction of behavioral seizures was observed in the conduction group compared with kainic acid (KA) (p = 0.000) and sham conduction groups (p = 0.000)
There was a 61% reduction in total EEG seizures in conduction group compared with sham conduction group (p,0.01), and the duration of EEG seizures in conduction group (6.2962.64 s) was significantly shorter than that in the sham conduction group (12.0763.81 s) (p = 0.002)
Summary
Despite many alternatives to antiepileptic drugs, 30% of patients with epilepsy remain poorly controlled [1,2]. Studies [7,8,9,10] on scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) and intracranial electrode EEG have shown that focal seizure activity is typically initiated in a fixed and localized region of the cortex, which subsequently spreads to neighboring regions or more distant areas (Figure 1A); at the initial onset of a seizure, the epileptiform discharge will generate a relatively high voltage (2000,3000 mV) in intracranial electrode EEG (Figure 1B), with a wave amplitude approximately 30 times that of the scalp EEG (about 50,100 mV) [7]. The relatively high-voltage ictal epileptic discharge is limited in the fixed onset zone for several seconds during the intracranial EEG recording in patients with focal epilepsy. The current transmits from regions with relatively high voltage towards other regions with low voltage
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