Abstract
Moderate to strong crustal earthquakes are generally accompanied by a distinctive pattern of coseismic geological phenomena which leave a permanent mark in the landscape. Particularly in areas of low seismicity and low seismic network, proper documentation of these ground effects will help to understand the site amplification, the possible mechanism involved, and future guide for seismic hazard assessment. In this chapter, we have analyzed the ground effects caused by seismic wave amplification for the 2001 Bhuj earthquake, India; 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China; 2017 Pohang earthquake, Republic of Korea; and proposed the possible mechanism involved. The analysis of ground effects suggests that the local geology plays a vital role in seismic wave amplification and can be used as a back-analysis tool for understanding seismic wave amplification for the future earthquake. This kind of approach should be adopted for areas of low seismicity and lower seismic network arrays for future land use code and land use planning in a low seismic area.
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