Abstract
In this paper, a lead-filled steel tube damper (LFSTD) is presented consisting in a steel tube, a lead cylinder, and two steel plate caps. Seven LFSTDs were designed into three groups based on the thickness-diameter ratio, the weakening ratio, and the height-diameter ratio. They were subjected to cycling loading in a laboratory to determine device parameters such as hysteretic behavior, strength, ductility, energy dissipation and damping, and characteristic failure modes, Then, the Bouc-Wen model was used to analytically depict the hysteretic behavior of LFSTDs and the model parameters were identified using an improved squirrel search algorithm. The LFSTDs are later applied into a six-storey reinforced concrete (RC) frame model, and the seismic performance of the dampers with identified Bouc-Wen model parameters is numerically assessed when the RC frame model is under strong and destructive real earthquakes. Both laboratorial and numerical results indicate that the LFSTDs are effective in absorbing seismic energy and in reducing lateral displacements of the protected structure and they have potential of practical applications.
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